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Anonymous
Biography
The majority of compositions written through the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance are by people long forgotten, and attribution often remains a problem. In fact, it is not known who was responsible for the foundation works of Western classical music. Also unknown are the composers of many later songs, dance tunes, and marches that were integral to daily life and now also count as "classical." Early sacred music represented the official doctrine and aesthetics of the church; a composer's personal expression simply didn't count once the music was adopted for liturgical use, and, in many cases, it would have seemed presumptuous for an individual to take credit for a piece of sacred music. So although a very few specific medieval church composers, such as Hildegard of Bingen, are known, most early sacred music is the work of intentionally anonymous musician employed by the Catholic Church. In the realm of early secular music, a village musician might piece together a dance tune that became popular. Taken up by other players, the tune would pass by ear from village to village, and from generation to generation. The dance's origin would become obscure, even within the composer's lifetime.
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